Recent Changes

Synthesize:This is like a DNA molecule finding its own pair but needing assistance so scientist preform hybridization in order to find it a complementary pair
Opinion:This process saves many people in finding a complementary sequence for a broken DNA or RNA molecule. This can help many people in finding a new DNA that they maybe lacking.
http://www.google.com/images?um=1&hl=en&biw=1280&bih=647&tbs=isch%3A1&sa=1&q=nucleic+acid+hybridization&aq=3&aqi=g10&aql=&oq=nucleic+a
Genomic Library:
{10_23_genomic_library.jpg}
Synthesize: This is like trying to find the growth stages of an organism. This can take up to years to figure out that there are many more stages in an organism then what people think.
Argue: This can help people figure out the different types of genes. This can help figure out more cures and different diseases.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNsThMNjKhM
Part 3: Cloning Organisms
Plant Cloning:
Describe:
Analyze:
Apply:
Synthesize:
Opinion:
Animal Cloning:
Describe:
Analyze:
Apply:
Synthesize:
Opinion: This is the taking of a sperm and an egg and putting them in a organism and having them grow and feed off of you.
Analyze: This can be used to reproduce animals and not worry about them growing old and dieing.
Apply: The only thing that is able to be cloned for now is animals we haven't tried it on anything else. There are many complications to cloning things.
Opinion: I believe that cloning is a very bad thing to do. This can lead to so many problems in so many ways. I believe that cloning should not be allowed at all anywhere on anything.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYvcLh4Y43s
Part 4: Practical Application of DNA Technology
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism:
Describe:
Analyze:
Apply:
Synthesize:
Opinion:
Gene Therapy:
Describe: The alteration of an afflicted individuals gene. {picgenetherapy.jpg}
Apply: This is helping lead to the cure of cancer.
Synthesize: This is what all scientist work on in order to cure people. They work night and day to find a way to keep us alive longer.
with the diseasedise
ase that they cure this.
http://www.google.com/images?um=1&hl=en&biw=1280&bih=647&tbs=isch%3A1&sa=1&q=gene+therapy&aq=0&aqi=g10&aql=&oq=gene+thera
Transgenic Animals:
Describe: Scientist introduce a gene from one animal to a genome of another animal.
{transgenic.GIF}
Analyze: they remove an egg cell from a female and fertilize them in vitro. As this is happening they clone the desired gene from another organism.
Apply:They now inject the cloned DNA directly into the nuclei of the fertilized egg. Some of the cells transgene into their genomes and are able to express the foreign gene.
Synthesize: The is exactly like cloning. They just don't put it where it grows out of the side of it or has to be attached to it.
Opinion: Transgenic animals can be a very good thing in order to reproduce something that cant have its own babies. This will allow them to have them but them just not be their DNA type.
Transgenic Plants:
Describe:
Analyze:
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Synthesize:
Opinion:image
Genetic Profiles:
Describe:
Analyze:
Apply: Gives the ways that a organism is made up. This shows us the genetics of an organism. {genetic+profile+of+cancer+tumours_2035_18850998_0_0_12301_300.jpg}
Analyze: This allows us to see how each organism works. This also shows how each organism is different in so many ways.
Apply: We use this to tell how different you are from your brother even though you have the same parents.
Synthesize:
Opinion: This is the same as in a crime scene when the suspect is not known. This can also show that there may be differences in blood samples that are located at a crime scene.
image

Opinion: This can help curing diseases and finding more ways to help people. There are many people out there that have no way of ever living with the disease that they have because they wont ever have a cure. This can help figure out what ways to help cure this.
Transgenic Animals:
Describe: Scientist introduce a gene from one animal to a genome of another animal.
Analyze:
Apply: they remove an egg cell from a female and fertilize them in vitro. As this is happening they clone the desired gene from another organism.
Apply:They now inject the cloned DNA directly into the nuclei of the fertilized egg. Some of the cells transgene into their genomes and are able to express the foreign gene.
Synthesize:
Opinion: The is exactly like cloning. They just don't put it where it grows out of the side of it or has to be attached to it.
Opinion: Transgenic animals can be a very good thing in order to reproduce something that cant have its own babies. This will allow them to have them but them just not be their DNA type.
Transgenic Plants:
Describe:

Part 2: Studying Expression and Function of Gene
Gel Electrophoresis:
Describe:: Involved in
Analyze: Because nucleic acids carry negative charges on their phosphate groups they travel towards the positive pole. The thicket of the polymer fibers impedes longer molecules more than it does shorter ones. Gel Electrophoresis separates a mixture of linear DNA molecules into bands, each consisting of DNA molecules of the same length.
Apply: When you are at a crime scene and have more than one blood sample or some sort of DNA and there are other samples that you want to match it to then they use gel electrophoresis to determine if any of the samples. This process may take a long time but when done right there can be good things to it. This can be very accurate if done correctly. This may be the old way of things being done but this can still be a good way if no computers are doing it right.
Southern Blotting:
Describe: This combines gel electrophoresis and nucleic acid hybridization.
Analyze:{southern-blot-702630.gif}
Analyze: This allows clones. The probe
probe is usually interest.
Apply: Scientist can detect specific nucleotide sequences within a complex DNA sample with this method. It is used for comparing the restriction fragments produced from different samples of genomic DNA
Synthesize:
Opinion:
Microarrays:
Describe: This reminds me of when trying to find a missing kid or trying to see if your children are actually your children. There you have to compare all the fragments and DNA in order to make sure that they are.
Opinion: This can help a lot of people out with trying to find different methods and is a great advancement in science.
Microarrays:
Describe: Genome wide expression studies are only possible with microarrays. They consist of tiny amounts o
f a large number of single-stranded DNA fragments representing different genes.
Analyze:
Apply:
Synthesize:
Argue: This can also be called DNA chip. These fragments represent all the genes of an organism.
Apply: With cDNA molecules are used in order to preform this. This can help researchers preform assays more than 90% of the genes.
Synthesize: This is like trying to find the growth stages of an organism. This can take up to years to figure out that there are many more stages in an organism then what people think.
Argue: This can help people figure out the different types of genes. This can help figure out more cures and different diseases.
Part 3: Cloning Organisms
Plant Cloning:
Opinion:
Gene Therapy:
Describe:
Analyze:
Apply:
Synthesize:
Opinion: The alteration of an afflicted individuals gene. {picgenetherapy.jpg}
Analyze: A normal cell can be put into an affected cell and help it cure the problem. This can go either good or bad.
Apply: This is helping lead to the cure of cancer.
Synthesize: This is what all scientist work on in order to cure people. They work night and day to find a way to keep us alive longer.
Opinion: This can help curing diseases and finding more ways to help people. There are many people out there that have no way of ever living with the disease that they have because they wont ever have a cure. This can help figure out what ways to help cure this.
Transgenic Animals:
Describe: Scientist
Analyze:
Apply:

Opinion: I believe that gene cloning is a very positive thing that we got into when starting off we thought that it would never be possible. We have advanced so much since when we started. This is one of the best things that we could of invented or discovered. So many people benefit from it, even though it can be expensive there are always good things that come from it.
http://obiwan.sandi.net/~pfowler/GRch20.html
{nucleic_1.gif}
Nucleic Acid Hybridization:
Describe: Scientist can detect the gene's ability to base-pair with a complementary sequence on another nucleic acid molecule. Normally the complementary molecule is a short, single-stranded nucleic acid which can be RNA or DNA. These are called the nucleic acid probe. Knowing some of the nucleotide sequence of the gene of interest they can synthesis the rest of it to a probe.
Analyze: Each Probe starts with a hydrogen-bond that is specific to its complementary strand on another molecule. Knowing at least part of the nucleotide sequence of the gene they can synthesize a probe complementary to it.
Apply: Nucleic Acid Hybridization detects specific DNA sequence within a mixture of DNA molecules.
Synthesize:
Opinion:Synthesize:This is like a DNA molecule finding its own pair but needing assistance so scientist preform hybridization in order to find it a complementary pair
Opinion:This process saves many people in finding a complementary sequence for a broken DNA or RNA molecule. This can help many people in finding a new DNA that they maybe lacking.
Genomic Library:
{10_23_genomic_library.jpg}
Describe: A complete set of plasmid- containing cell clones, each carrying copies of a particular segment from the initial genome. These days most scientist use there libraries from another researcher or a sequencing center.
Analyze: Certain bacteriophage have also have been used as a vector for cloning in order to make these libraries. Some DNA fragments can be spliced into a trimmed down version of a phage genome.
Apply: The infection process allows production of many new phage particles, each carry some of the foreign DNA.
Synthesize: Synthesize:This reminds me of a regular library and how you can find pretty much anything that you need. This holds millions of copies and so do libraries.
Opinion: Genomic library gives us many ways to see clones. This also helps the scientist figure out the different types of clones and which ones will work. This also allows scientist to run and re run test to see what can work and what wont work with more than one test. This also keeps and stores many clones and test that have already been ran.
Polymerase Chain Reaction:
any specific target
target segment within
Analyze: PCR can make billions of copies of the target segment of DNA within a few hours. This happens in less time than it would to actually scan a genomic library for a clone.
Apply: This allows scientist to produces many copies in half the time as it would if they had to go to the genomic library. Also gives them another way to
Sythesize:
Opinion: This reaction is improving out science step by step and helping out a lot.
Part 2: Studying Expression and Function of Gene
Analyze: Because nucleic acids carry negative charges on their phosphate groups they travel towards the positive pole. The thicket of the polymer fibers impedes longer molecules more than it does shorter ones. Gel Electrophoresis separates a mixture of linear DNA molecules into bands, each consisting of DNA molecules of the same length.
Apply: When you are at a crime scene and have more than one blood sample or some sort of DNA and there are other samples that you want to match it to then they use gel electrophoresis to determine if any of the samples. This process may take a long time but when done right there can be good things to it. This can be very accurate if done correctly. This may be the old way of things being done but this can still be a good way if no computers are doing it right.
Synthesize:
Opinion: Gel Electrophoresis helps forensic people figure out who did the crime or who had been where at what time. This can also help a person determine who their parents are or if they are sick.
Southern Blotting: